菜用大豆产量对钾肥施用的响应研究

Responses of Vegetable Soybean Yield to the Application of Potassium Fertilizer

在正常氮磷化肥施用基础上,设置4水平施用量的钾肥做种肥,并在开花期和结荚期分别进行叶喷钾肥处理,研究了钾肥不同施用方式对菜用大豆鲜荚采食期产量和生理成熟期粒数的影响。结果表明:钾肥做种肥能显著增加菜用大豆鲜荚采食期的产量和生理成熟期的粒数,品种间反应有所差异。中科毛豆1号单株标准荚数除外,各项产量构成因素均在钾肥施用量120kg·hm-2时最高,其中,最佳施钾量与不施钾肥相比,中科毛豆1号单株鲜荚产量、单株鲜粒质量和单株粒数分别提高31.5%、16.2%和34.0%,品系121分别增加34.2%、50.5%和32.4%。叶喷处理菜用大豆鲜荚采食期产量构成和生理成熟期的粒数均高于无叶喷处理,与无叶喷相比,钾肥施用量为120kg·hm-2时中科毛豆1号叶喷处理的单株鲜荚产量、单株鲜粒质量和单株粒数分别提高8.8%、48.5%和5.8%,品系121增加3.5%、28.0%和3.6%。施钾对菜用大豆单株标准荚数有一定影响,但差异不显著,关键是增加粒数和粒质量。当K2SO4施用量为120kg·hm-2并在开花期和结荚期喷施钾肥时,菜用大豆产量最高。图4,参14。

The effects of four potassium fertilizer rates with additional foliar application on fresh pod marketable yield and seed number at maturity in vegetable soybean were investigated under normal N and P fertilizers by pot experiment. Though responses were different between cultivars,potassium application at seeding significantly increases the marketable yield and seed number at maturity. Maximum yield components are all obtained at 120 kg·hm-2 K rate except standard pod number per plant in CAS Edamame No. 1. Compared with control,the fresh pod weight ,fresh seed weight,and seed number per plant of CAS Edamame No. 1 at 120 kg·hm - 2 K rate,are increased by 31. 5 % ,16. 2 % and 34. 0 % respectively; while line No. 121 are increased by 34. 2 % ,50. 5 % ,and 32. 4 % respectively. At 120 kg·hm - 2 K rate,additional foliar application of potassium at flowering and pod-setting stages increases the fresh pod weight,fresh seed weight,and seed number per plant by 8. 8 % ,48. 5 % and 5. 8 % in CAS Edamame No. 1,and by 3. 5 % , 28. 0 % and 3. 6 % in line No. 121 respectively. K application has no effect on standard pod number but significantly increases seed number and seed weight. Maximum marketable yield could be realized at 120 kg·hm - 2 K 2 SO 4 with additional foliar application of 30 kg·hm - 2 of K 2 SO 4 .