合同解除的若干问题研究

A Study on Several Problems in Termination of a Contract

合同解除权的性质属于形成权,合同解除时首先应该允许当事人行使私力救济权,但在一定条件下合同解除权具有形成权和请求权的混合性质。审查合同解除的法定条件应当将合同目的与违约后果有机结合,防止当事人在对方存在轻微违约行为时滥用合同解除权。某些特殊情形下,应当允许违约方解除合同,但要注意保护守约方,平衡双方的利益。合同解除后,违约金条款作为"合同中结算和清理条款",应继续有效。在当前形势下审理合同解除纠纷,应慎重适用情势变更原则。

Contractual right of cancellation is the right of formation,which should allow the parties to exercise the right of private relief;however,under certain conditions,the right to terminate the contract has a hybrid nature of claims and formation.In reviewing the statutory conditions for termination of a contract,a judge shall consider both the contract purpose and the consequences of default to prevent the parties abusing cancellation right.Under some special circumstances,the defaulting party should be allowed to terminate the contract,but the observant party needs to be protected and the benefits of the two parties should be balanced.When a contract is terminated,the liquidated damages clause as a 'settlement and clear terms of the contract' shall remain in force.Under current situation,a judge should carefully apply the principle of change of circumstances.