经济增长、FDI来源与中国环境污染——基于省级面板数据的实证研究

On Economic Growth,FDI Source and Environmental Pollution in China——Based on Provincial Panel Data Analysis

以经济增长和环境污染的关系为基础,考察对外开放对环境污染以及二者关系的影响,分解不同FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)来源对环境污染的边际影响。利用1998—2003年中国30个省(市、自治区)的面板数据,以四种工业污染物排放量两类环境质量衡量指标为因变量,对影响环境污染的各因素进行实证检验,结果发现:所考察的各工业污染物的排放均符合环境库兹涅茨曲线假说,环境库兹涅茨曲线的形状以及污染拐点的位置与污染物的选择和环境质量衡量指标的选择有关,根据污染排放量指标计算的污染拐点远大于根据污染排放强度指标计算的污染拐点;对大部分污染排放物不同的环境质量衡量指标而言,对外开放对环境污染虽然很小,但统计上还是有显著的影响,这在一定程度上支持了污染避难所假说在中国的成立;不同的FDI来源对中国环境污染具有不同的影响,对大多数污染物而言,来自港澳台的FDI对环境质量具有显著的负面影响,而来自其他国家的FDI则对中国的环境污染没有明显的影响。

Based on the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution,through examining the impact of the opening-up policy on environmental pollution and the relationship of the two,this paper resolves the marginal effects of different sources of FDI on the environmental pollution.Using the panel data(1998-2003) of 30 China's provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions),empirical test is carried out for four categories of industrial pollutant emissions which each includes two measures of environmental quality as the dependent variable.The results show the industrial pollutants that we choose are in line with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis,and the shape of the environmental Kuznets curve and the position of the peak turn are sensitive to the choice of pollutants and the indicators.The pollutants turn based on emissions is much bigger than that on concentration.For most pollutants from different environmental quality,the pollution degree caused by opening-up is low,but statistically significant effects on environmental pollution are shown.To some extent,the results support hypothesis that the pollution haven is in China.Different sources of FDI in China have different effects on environmental pollution.For most pollutants,the FDI from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan has significant negative impact on environmental quality,but the FDI from other countries does not show significant effect on China's environmental pollution.