县级预算过程中的人大:J县的经验

The Local People's Congress in the Budgetary Process at County Level: An Experience of "J" County

通过在J县的调研发现,县级财政的预算过程仍是行政主导,县政府和预算核心部门具有较大的发言权。人大处于比较尴尬的地位:一是人大财经小组的技术性的预算审查权力和人大代表大会的预算立法权力因实际权力结构中人大的弱势地位而被预算核心部门技术性消解;二是人大常委会对预算的编制和执行过程也只能协商性参与和在事后确认。它是以一个与政府商议预算的机构介入到预算过程中,所提的预算修正意见能否受到重视主要取决于人大领导与县政府领导的私人交情和人大拥有的选举地方领导人的程序性权力。在不超出地方财力的情况下,人大领导所提出的预算建议还是能够得到支持,起到一种非强制性的"协商性参与"的作用。这些发现表明,保障法律所赋予的人大在县级权力结构中的地位,激活人大自身的责任意识和权力意识是地方预算民主化过程中的一个重点。

The paper intends to explore the roles of the Local People Congress(LPC) in the budgetary process at county level.Based on the field research of 'J' County in Jiangxi Province,the results indicate that the county-level budgetary process is still administratively dominated.The county administration and the core budget department hold the priority of budget decision-making.LPC faces an awkward situation.Firstly,both the technical budget inspection power belonging to the financial and economic group of LPC and the budgetary legislative power that belonging to LPC are eliminated technically by the core budget department due to its weak position in the county power structure.Secondly,even the standing committee of LPC can only play a role of consultative involvement and confirm the decision per se in the process of budgetary decision-making and implementation.Whether its amendment can be gotten esteemed depends on the relations with the leading leaders of County Party Committee and the government.Its procedural power of election works to a certain extent.Based on these findings,the paper argues that the key to budgetary democratization is to ensure the legislated position of LPC in the structure of county power,and to activate the power and accountability awareness of LPC itself.