7Toye, Francis,“Giacomo Puccini”in The International Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians, ed. by Oscar Thompson. New York:Dodd Mead, 1975,pp. 1742-1744.
8Budden, Julian.“Puccini, Giacomo”in The New Oxford Companion to Music, 2 vols. , ed. By Denis Arnold. London : Oxford University Press, 1983,Ⅱ: 1507--1509.
9Camer, Mosco.“Giacomo (Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria) Puccini”in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 20 vols. , ed. By Stanley Sadie. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1980,XV :431-440.
10Slonimsky, Nicolas. The Concise Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. New York, 1988.