从一般均衡到博弈均衡——经济学研究方法的演变

Development of the Research Methods in Economics--From General Equilibrium to Game Equilibrium

经济学研究的核心内容是市场经济中各经济主体利益的分配与协调。用均衡分析法集中系统地分析经济利益关系是现代经济学的基本分析方法。一般均衡主要研究在市场供求相等条件下利益在消费者和生产者之间的分配结果,注重对资源配置方式和结果的研究。博弈均衡作为一种新的经济分析方法,强调人在经济活动中的主体地位,其特征是研究各经济主体决策和活动的互动效应,在市场参与者选择、决策、利益的相互关系中分析他们的经济行为,研究他们怎样在博弈中实现均衡。博弈均衡分析方法正成为经济学研究的核心方法,并引起经济学的革命。

The core research content in Economics is the interest assignment and mediation of individual economic main bodies'. General Equilibrium Theory is a basic analytical method used to analyze the relationship of economic interests systematically in modern Economics, which mainly studies the interests' assignment outcome between consumers and producers under equal market supply and demand conditions. It focuses on the research of resource deployment way and the outcome. As a new economic analytical method, Game Equilibrium focuses on the main body's role. The feature of this theory lies in: to research the mutual domino effect between the individual economic main body's decision-making and their activities; to analyze market participants' economic behaviors in the mutual relation of choice, decision-making and interests; to study how to come to equilibrium in competition. Now Game Equilibrium is on the way to become the core method in the research of Economics, which will be the beginning of a reform in Economics.