撒哈拉以南非洲地区石油收益管理及其绩效研究

Studies on Petroleum Revenue Management and Performance of Sub-Saharan African

撒哈拉以南非洲地区的主要石油生产国,其丰裕的自然资源开发不仅未能提升当地经济发展水平和居民生活质量,反而使这些国家陷入腐败和专制,经济发展缓慢,派系冲突与战争频发,这是资源诅咒,还是制度缺失?本文通过对该地区主要石油生产国的石油收益分配、使用与管理的分析发现:资源收益分配主要集中于统治者及其家族、寻租腐败导致资源租金的耗散、军费开支与无效投资制约了资源收益的转化,其结果是,资源部门对其他部门的挤出现象严重,对资源开发的依赖性进一步加强,当地居民生活状况进一步恶化。因而,政府是否廉洁高效、制度是否完善合理,是决定资源是诅咒还是祝福的关键因素。

In the main oil producing countries of Sub-Sahara Africa,the exploitation of the abundant natural resources failed to improve the level of economic development and the standard of living;on the contrary,it made these countries to be ruled by the corrupt and autocratic government,the development of economy is very slow,the frequent outbreak of the sectarian clashes and war,what cause the above results? Is that the Resource Curse,or the institution deficiency? In this paper,through the analysis of the distribution,use and management of Sub-Saharan African petroleum revenue,we find that:the ruler and its family carved up the vast majority of the resource revenue、rent-seeking corruption lead to resources revenue dissipation、military spending and invalid investment restrict the transformation of resource revenue,the result shows that Crowding-out effect of resource department to other department worsen,the dependence of the resource development further strengthened,the standard of living deteriorated.The level of the government's integrity and efficiency and the maturity level of the institution are the key factors to determine the resource to be the blessing or curse.