我国短距离速度滑冰项目专项训练方法现状与发展

Current Situation and Prospect of the Specialized Training Methods of Chinese Sprint Speed Skating

通过对我国短距离速度滑冰项目长期的观察和调研,对目前我国短距离速度滑冰项目专项训练方法的现状进行了总结,认为专项体能训练方面长期存在着绝对速度练习多,对速度耐力训练没有给予更多的关注,速度训练与耐力训练脱节;专项技术训练长时间在低强度下进行,当速度变快或机体疲劳时,就很难保持技术,动作变形较严重等问题。提出在有氧训练中融入技术、力量的内容和要求,使耐力与技术、耐力与力量有机结合;强化力量训练的协调性、系统性和全面性,更加注重运动员力量训练的技术是否正确、神经肌肉是否充分调动、肌肉的发力特点是否更具有协调性和专项性;注重负荷的监控,科学控制训练的进程等改进与发展建议。为构建具有我国特色的专项训练方法和手段提供理论支撑,为提高速滑运动员竞技能力提供科技保障。

With the long-term observation and investigation into Chinese sprint speed skating,the paper sums up the current situation of correlative specialized training methods.It thinks that the speed training is dislocated from the endurance training with more exercises of absolute speed and less interests in speed endurance in the specialized physical training;the skating technique is difficult to hold and the actions badly deform in faster speed or fatigue because of long-term low-intensity specialized technical training.It suggests enhancing the organic combination of endurance,technique and strength by integrating the technique and strength contents and demands into the aerobic training;reinforcing the coordination,systematicness and integration of strength training by paying more attention to the accuracy of relevant skills,the sufficiency of neuromuscular recruitment,the specificity of muscle power;emphasizing the scientific monitoring of training loads and process.The purpose is to provide a theoretic reference of developing the specialized training methods with Chinese characteristics and technological support for improving the skaters' competitive ability.