铁观音茶树灌溉技术研究Ⅰ——铁观音茶树主栽区的降雨特征分析

Analysis on the Peculiarities of Rainfall in the Main Plantation of Tieguanyin

铁观音茶树是福建省最主要的茶树栽培品种。近年来多次的高温干旱天气,使铁观音茶叶蒙受重大的经济损失。为了配合福建山地水利工程建设的顺利开展,首先收集来自铁观音茶树主栽区3个水文检测站的42年逐日降雨量数据,然后采用适配曲线法、滑动平均处理和集中度等方法,分析逐年降雨总量的分布频率、降雨量的年变动趋势、降雨量的集中度和降雨量的季节性分布特征。结果表明,3个水文检测站的滑动曲线时间序列的降雨变异较为显著,1979年以后3站的年降雨量在平均值上下波动的幅度比1979年前的波动幅度大。3站的5—9月为湿季,10—11月为干季。3个测站即安溪、永春和南安,1979年前干季的降雨量分别占全年的7.5%,6.0%和5.8%,1979年后分别占全年的5.8%,4.7%和5.0%,均呈现降低的趋势,秋季的降雨量不能满足铁观音茶树的生长需求。为此,山地水利工程应以铁观音秋茶生产季节的需水量为建设依据,以保障铁观音茶叶的优质和高产。

Tieguanyin is a popular tea cultivar cultivated in Fujian,China.Due to the seasonal drought,the yield of Tieguanyin tea had been lost a lot.Based on the precipitation data during 1965-2006 for three hydrological monitoring stations in the main Tieguanyin cultivate area,some peculiarities of the precipitation,such as the circle and degree of concentration,as well as the changes in the years and months,were analyzed in this paper.The result showed that the total rainfall changed more significantly in the years after 1979 than in the years before 1979.Typically,it was wet season from May to September in the Tieguanyin cultivate area,whilst,it was dry season from October to November.The rainfall of the dry season at the 3 stations were 7.5%,6.0% and 5.8% of the annual rainfall in the years before 1979,respectively.However,they decreased to 5.8%,4.7% and 5.0% in the years after 1979.The conclusion could be drawn here that the rainfall in the fall season could not reach the watering amount,which was necessary for the Tieuanyin tea plant developing.The irrigation works must be carried out for the optimal produce of Tieguanyin tea plants.