包头地区花粉症的病因研究

Pathogenesis survey of allergic pollinosis in Baotou

目的通过对包头地区花粉症的流行病学调查及医学孢粉学研究,明确本地区花粉症的消长规律、主要致敏花粉的分布情况及致敏性。方法 2009年1-12月就诊于我科疑诊花粉症且血清特异性sIgE检测阳性患者300例,血清特异性sIgE阴性而过敏症状典型患者20例,记录其发病时间,同时进行气传花粉的调查。结果全年共检出花粉226 484粒,其中蒿属花粉10 785粒(40.72%),藜科5 678粒(21.44%),杨属4 783粒(18.06%),这3种花粉为包头市最主要花粉。包头市全年出现两次花粉飘散高峰期,第一次在4-5月,第二次在7-9月份;300例花粉症患者蒿属花粉阳性率为86.54%,藜科、杨属为41.67%、32.33%,且花粉症患者相应抗原阳性率与对照组有明显差异(P<0.05)。花粉症患者皮试阳性数与相应月份的花粉属花粉计数正相关(r=0.981,P=0.000)。7-9月份花粉症患者发病率分别为13.67%、55%及8.67%,与7-9月份草本植物(蒿属、苋属)花粉飘散高峰期相吻合。不同属花粉计数与该属花粉症患者人数呈正相关(r=0.93,P=0.000)。结论本调查为包头市气传花粉的流行病学研究提供了参考资料,明确了蒿属花粉是包头地区主要气传致敏花粉,对本地区花粉相关的变应性疾病防治具有指导意义。

Objective Objective To study the pathogenesis of allergic pollinosis and drift law of airborne pollen in Baotou.Methods From January to December 2009,300 patients of pollenosis which serum sIgE test was positive and 20 patients which serum sIgE was negative but allergy symptoms were typical were performed,Meanwhile the airborne pollen investigation was performed.Results A total of 226 484 pollens were collected.Among them,10 785(40.72%) belong to Artemisia,5 678 grain(21.44%) was Chenopodiaceae and 4 783(18.06%) was Yang genera.Those three kind of pollens were the main pollen in Baotou.The peak time of airborne pollen occurred in April to May and July to September.Among 300 patients of pollenosis,86.54% cases were positive to Artemisia antigen,41.67%,32.33% were Chenopodiaceae and Yang genera antigen.There was a positive relationship between the cases of pollenosis and airborne pollen concentration.Conclusions The study provides useful information for airborne pollen epidemiology in Baotou.Artemisia is found out to be the main airborne pollen.It provides important insights to clinical prevention,diagnosis and treatment of pollen related allergic diseases.