美国最高法院能动主义司法哲学述评

A Review of the Judicial Activism Philosophy of the Supreme Court of the United States

美国最高法院中的能动主义司法哲学意味着最高法院采取更加灵活的态度解释《宪法》条款和运用司法审查权,更加积极地看待最高法院在社会进程中的政治角色,特别是与立法机关和行政机关的关系。司法能动主义哲学是美国《宪法》得以历久弥新、保持与时俱进生命力的原动力所在,并且在当代美国平等权利观念的发展、联邦制特点的变化、最高法院自身宪政地位的提高以及宪政体制的发展等方面都发挥了巨大的作用,同时在文化多元时代司法能动主义哲学也面临着新的挑战。

The judicial activism philosophy of the Supreme Court of the United States means that the Supreme Court adopts a more flexible approach to interpret constitutional provisions and exercises the right of judicial review,and looks upon the Supreme Court as a more positive political role in the social process,especially the relationships with the legislature and the executive authorities.The Constitution of the United States maintains lasting charms and vitality of keeping pace with the times,the source of which is judicial activism philosophy.The judicial activism philosophy plays a significant role in contemporary American development of the concept of equal rights,changes in the characteristics of federalism, the improvement of the constitutional status of the Supreme Court,and the development of the constitutional system.In the multi-cultural era,philosophy of judicial activism is also faced with new challenges.