科学发明问题发现中的原型启发效应

On Prototype Elicitation Effect in Finding Scientific Invention

为回答有科学发明价值的高质量问题是如何在原型知识的启发之下而产生的,从《科学发明创造实验问题材料库》中选取40个问题情境,探讨原型知识对科学发明问题发现的启发效应,结果发现:被试面对问题情境的时候,在提供相关原型知识的前提下,如果能够在情境信息和启发信息之间建立联系,所提问题的质量会显著高于无原型的条件;男女被试的平均得分没有显著的性别差异;高分组更善于利用原型的思路启发而提出更有科学价值的问题.

Prototype elicitation effect in scientific finding has been explored in this paper with forty problem situations selected from the Experimental Problems of Scientific Invention in Library.The results indicate that,firstly,in problem situation with related prototype,subjects can connect situation information and heuristic information easily,so the quality of problem is significantly better than that of problem situation without related prototype.No difference between male and female students has been found;secondly,the interaction of high-low score subjects and with-without related prototype is significant.This may show that the ability of finding problem independently of high score subjects is better,but low score subjects needed more prototype elicitation.This suggests that the prototype elicitation can raise the performance of finding problem of low score subjects effectively.