新疆草地优势种蝗虫分布及其防治

Distribution and Control of Dominant Grasshoppers on Grassland in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang

[目的]总结巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(以下简称巴州)草地优势种蝗虫分布与防治实际,指导蝗灾测报和治理。[方法]分析25年巴州来草地蝗虫调查、定位监测、防治资料。[结果]巴州草地蝗区总面积4.812×10~4hm^2。以地理特征来划分,可将巴州草地蝗区分为巴音布鲁克蝗区、焉耆盆地北部山区蝗区、博斯腾湖蝗区、塔里木河-孔雀河中下游蝗区等4个蝗区。以草地类来划分,可分为平原低地沼泽草甸类蝗区、山地荒漠草地类、山地草地草地类蝗区、高寒草地草地类蝗区与高寒草甸草地类蝗区等5类。以优势种蝗虫来划分,可以分为宽须蚁蝗蝗区、西伯利亚蝗蝗区、肿脉蝗蝗区、黑腿星翅蝗蝗区、小垫尖翅蝗+亚洲飞蝗蝗区等5类。[结论]巴音布鲁克草地蝗区是巴州面积最大的蝗区,其高寒草地上的宽须蚁蝗是分布危害面积最大的优势种蝗虫。博斯腾湖蝗区是著名的亚洲飞蝗发生基地。塔里木河-孔雀河中下游蝗区历史上是亚洲飞蝗重要发生地,现在随着植被的恢复,必将再形成蝗虫适宜生境,应加强监测。采取改善植被状况、促进牧草生长、改变蝗虫适宜生长环境等生态措施,并保护、利用好本土天敌,是实现蝗灾可持续治理的根本途径。

[Objective]The purpose of this research was to discover the true status of distribution of dominant grasshoppers in the area and practical controlling in order to guide forecast and future controlling plague of locusts and grasshoppers.[Method]Analyzing the data of investigation,positioning survey,and controlling which were collected by the author in the past 25 years.[Result]The total acre of grasshoppers distribution are 4.812×10~4hm^2.According to the geography,the acre of grasshoppers distribution can be divided into 4 parts,and according to the type of grassland,it can be divided into 5 parts.According to the dominant grasshopper,it can be divided into another 5 parts.[Conclusion]The Bayinbuluke grassland is the biggest grasshopper,s acre of distribution,Myrmeleotettix palpalis(Zub.) is the most dominant species on high -cold grassland.The Bosteng acre of locusts is the famous base of Locusta migratoria migratoria(L.).The middle and lower reach of the Tarim River and the Kongque River is important living field of Locusta migratoria migratoria(L.).Now the vegetation is recovering,these places will be turned into suitable acres for locust and grasshoppers,so the survey on locust must be enhanced.To use ecological methods,like bettering vegetation,changing suitable environment for locust and grasshoppers etc.and to protect and utilizing their native enemies to control locust and grasshoppers might be the basic way to realize sustainable controlling.