肉种鸡产蛋中期饲喂不同能量水平饲粮对子代生长性能和肉品质的影响

Effects of Dietary Energy Level of Broiler Breeders during the Medium Laying Period on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Offspring

本试验旨在研究爱拔益加(AA)肉种鸡产蛋中期(40～42周龄)饲喂不同能量水平饲粮对子代生长性能和肉品质的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选用20周龄体重相近的AA肉种母鸡300羽,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20羽。当产蛋率达到5%时开始正式试验,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,高能组、低能组饲粮能量水平分别为对照组的120%和80%,各组均限饲且饲喂量相同。子代选用孵化后的1日龄公雏300只,试验分组与母代相同。子代饲喂正常能量水平饲粮,自由采食、饮水,试验期为49 d。结果表明:1)和对照组相比,高能组显著降低了子代的初生重,1～28日龄、1～49日龄的平均日采食量,28日龄腿肌的粗蛋白质含量和胸肌剪切力以及49日龄胸肌和腿肌的亮度值(P<0.05);显著提高了子代28、49日龄胸肌和腿肌的粗脂肪含量和滴水损失(P<0.05)。2)和对照组相比,低能组显著降低了子代的初生重(P<0.05),显著提高了子代1～49日龄的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05);显著提高了子代28日龄胸肌的粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);显著降低了子代28日龄胸肌和腿肌的剪切力、49日龄腿肌的滴水损失(P<0.05);显著提高了子代49日龄腿肌的亮度和红度值以及28日龄腿肌、49日龄胸肌和腿肌的黄度值(P<0.05)。结果提示,相比高能组和对照组,低能组更有利于提高子代生长性能,改善子代的肌肉品质。

This experiment researched on the effects of dietary energy level of broiler breeders during the medium laying period(40 to 42 weeks of age) on growth performance and meat quality of the offspring.A single factor design was adopted,and 300 Arbor Acres(AA) broiler breeders(20 weeks of age) with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 20 birds in each replicate.The experiment was conducted when laying rate reached 5%.The broiler breeders in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet,and those in high energy group and low energy group were fed the diets with the 120% and 80% energy levels of the basal diet,respectively.During the experiment period,feed intake in each group was restricted and set the same.Three hundred 1-day-old male broilers were divided into 3 groups as same as the broiler breeders.The offspring were allowed to feed and drink ad libitum,and fed normal energy level diet.The experiment was lasted for 49 days.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control diet,the offspring of broiler breeders fed high energy diet had lower birth body weight,average daily feed intake at 28 and 49 days of age,protein content of thigh muscle and shear force of breast muscle at 28 days of age,and L* value of breast muscle and thigh muscle at 49 days of age(P<0.05);and had higher fat content and drip loss of breast muscle and thigh muscle at 28 and 49 days of age(P<0.05).2) Compared with the control diet,the offspring of broiler breeders fed low energy diet had lower birth body weight(P<0.05);and had higher average daily feed intake and daily gain at 49 days of age(P<0.05);and had higher fat content of breast muscle at 28 days of age(P<0.05);and had lower shear force of breast muscle and thigh muscle at 28 days of age,drip loss of thigh muscle at 49 days of age(P<0.05);and had higher L*and a* values of thigh muscle at 49 days of age,b* value of thigh muscle at 28 days of age,and b* value of breast and thigh muscle at 49 days of age(P<0.05).In conclusion,compared with the high energy diet and the control diet,the low energy diet can improve the growth performance and meat quality of the offspring.