野生拟目乌贼不同组织营养成分分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Composition in Different Tissues of Wild Sepia lycidas

本研究通过对野生拟目乌贼4种组织(胴体肌肉、腕、卵巢、缠卵腺)的营养成分进行分析,旨在对其营养价值进行评价。随机选取雌雄野生拟目乌贼各3尾,分离胴体肌肉、腕、卵巢、缠卵腺,采用国家标准方法测定各组织中水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、多糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物元素含量。结果表明:4种组织中水分含量为67.95%～79.41%,粗脂肪含量为0.17%～0.27%,均以腕中最高;灰分含量为1.38%～2.09%,以缠卵腺中最高;粗蛋白质含量为13.39%～24.18%,多糖含量为0.20%～0.68%,均以卵巢中最高。在4种组织中均检测出钾(K)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)矿物元素,在卵巢和缠卵腺中还检测出锰(Mn)和铜(Cu)。4种组织中均含有17种氨基酸,总氨基酸(TAA)含量为145.74～205.14 mg/g,鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量为52.38～66.11 mg/g,均是卵巢、缠卵腺含量较高(P>0.05),与依次降低的腕、胴体肌肉差异显著(P<0.05);4种组织中第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(Met+Cys)。4种组织中共检测出21种脂肪酸,其中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为52.14%～58.48%,表现为卵巢>缠卵腺>胴体肌肉>腕,卵巢中PUFA含量与缠卵腺相近(P>0.05),与腕、胴体肌肉差异显著(P<0.05);二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量为7.72%～8.65%,4种组织之间差异不显著(P>0.05);二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量为27.14%～28.66%,4种组织之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此得出,野生拟目乌贼的营养价值较高,尤以卵巢、缠卵腺为佳。

In order to get an evaluation of the nutritive value of wild Sepia lycidas,the nutrient composition was investigated for different tissues(carcass muscle,arm,ovary and nidamental gland) of wild Sepia lycidas.The carcass muscle,arm,ovary and nidamental gland of six wild Sepia lycidas(3 male and 3 female) were separated and the contents of moisture,ash,crude protein,crude fat,polysaccharide,amino acids,fatty acids and minerals in those tissues were determined by adopting national standard method.The results showed as follows: the contents of moisture,crude fat,crude protein,ash and polysaccharide in 4 tissues were 67.95% to 79.41%,0.17% to 0.27%,13.39% to 24.18%,1.38% to 2.09% and 0.20% to 0.68%,respectively.The highest contents of moisture and crude fat in arm,the highest ash content in nidamental gland,and the highest contents of crude protein and polysaccharide in ovary were observed in this study.Potassium(K),sodium(Na),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),iron(Fe) and zinc(Zn) were detected out from 4 tissues,and manganese(Mn) and copper(Cu) were also detected out from ovary and nidamental gland.Each tissue contained 17 amino acids.Total amino acid(TAA) and flavor amino acid(FAA) contents were 145.74 to 205.14 mg/g and 52.38 to 66.11 mg/g,respectively,both were higher in ovary and nidamental gland(P>0.05),and significantly higher than those in carcass muscle and arm(P<0.05).The first limited amino acid of the 4 tissues was methionine+cystine(Met+Cys).All the tissues contained 21 fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) content was 52.14% to 58.48%,which had a decreased tendency in the tissues as ovary>nidamental gland>carcass muscle>arm.The PUFA content in ovary was very close to that in nidamental gland(P>0.05),but significantly higher than that in arm and carcass muscle(P<0.05).The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) in 4 tissues were 7.72% to 8.65% and 27.14% to 28.66%,respectively,and no significant differences were found in them among 4 tissues(P>0.05).In conclusion,wild Sepia lycidas has a high nutritive value,especially for the ovary and nidamental gland.