不同流向对曝气生物滤池处理对对虾养殖污水效果的影响

Effect of different flows on wastewater treatment during Litopenaeus Vannamei culture by biological aerated filters

采用上流式和下流式曝气生物滤池处理凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖污水,连续进行30 d,分析出水水质,并观察系统运行情况和装置污染状况。研究了养殖污水中化学需氧量、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、无机氮及活性磷酸盐6项指标的去除效果。实验结果表明:从养殖污水主要污染物指标的去除效果和稳定性上看,上流式优于下流式曝气生物滤池。在系统进水化学需氧量质量浓度为7.62～8.20 mg/L、氨氮质量浓度为0.62～0.65 mg/L、硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.54～0.59 mg/L、亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.23～0.27 mg/L、无机氮质量浓度为1.40～1.47 mg/L、活性磷酸盐质量浓度为0.24～0.29 mg/L,水温为25℃～30℃时,上流式曝气生物滤池对养殖污水中6项指标的去除率分别为:45.2%、88.9%、58.5%、78.8%、75.3%和25.1%。可见,对氨氮的去除效果最佳,亚硝酸盐氮和无机氮次之,化学需氧量和硝酸盐氮的去除效果较差,活性磷酸盐去除率最低。

In this experiment,the up-flow biological aerated filter(UBAF) and down-flow biological aerated filter(DBAF) were adopted to treat aquacultural wastewater of Litopenaeus vannamei.The water quality indexes such as chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N),nitrite nitrogen(NO2--N),inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and soluble reactive phosphates(PO4-P) were measured and analysed during 30 days processing.The study was focused on the effect of the purification characteristics for aquacultural wastewater.Both the operating condition and the polluted condition of the wastewater treatment were also observed.The results showed that the removal rates and stability of UBAF was superior than that of DBAF.When the efluent concentrations of COD,NH3-N,NO3--N,NO2--N,DIN and PO4-P were 7.62~8.20 mg/L,0.62~0.65 mg/L,0.54~0.59 mg/L,0.23~0.27 mg/L,1.40~1.47 mg/L,0.24~0.29 mg/L,respectively,the removal rates of COD,NH3-N,NO3--N,NO2--N,DIN and PO4-P were 45.2%,88.9%,58.5%,78.8%,75.3% and 25.1%,respectively at the temperature of 25 ℃~30 ℃ by UBAF.The removal rates of NH3-N were the highest,fouowed by NO2--N and DLN,COD and NO3--N was lower,and PO4-P the lowest.