舰载平面阵天线布置中的电磁兼容性问题及控制措施

Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues and Control Measures Related to Arrangement of Shipboard Plane Array Antennas

以平面阵天线为射频集成系统的典型研究对象,从电磁兼容性层面分别研究平面阵天线装舰的电磁特性、平面阵天线与传统离散天线装舰布置方式的区别,以及平面阵天线间主要的电磁干扰耦合方式。分析并提出阵面天线的应用将使得高场强分布由离散的舰面分布,改变为集中分布并向高空间发展,呈现出立体分布特性;改变原来天线的隔离度特性,将产生新的强近场环境的电磁干扰特征,对舰载天线和电子设备的优化布置产生重大影响。为解决平面阵天线带来的新问题,必须突破的关键技术将涉及辐射源、耦合途径和敏感设备的电磁分析、建模和试验验证等方面,电磁分析需要计入舰船物理环境和天线布置状态的影响。同时,在平面阵天线的优化布置尚无相关标准可依的情况下,可以先通过试验获取不同条件下天线间隔离度数据作为参考,并通过抑制表面波传输等手段进一步控制电磁兼容性。此外,还需加强对上层建筑的空间和频谱的管理,防止各平面阵天线间的相互干扰。

This paper discusses a number of issues related to EMC design of surface ship by presenting a study on the integration of plane array antennas from an EMC perspective that includes electromagnetic characteristics of plane array antennas,difference of configurations adopted by ship-based plane array an tenna and traditional discrete antenna,as well as main coupling patterns of electromagnetic interference(EMI)produced by plane array antennas.The analysis of plane array antenna in ship applications show that it will make high intense E field distribution altering from discrete distribution to concentrative and tri dimensional,and also change the isolation characteristic of the antennas and produce a new intense near-field environment as well as significantly influence the arrangement of antennas and electric devices on ship.In order to meet these new requirements,it is necessary to have some critical approaches avail able for analysis,including modeling and test validation of EM characteristics,radiant sources,coupling patterns and sensitivity equipment.The following considerations are also taken into account in EM analy sis,i.e.the ship physical environment and antenna arrangement.The isolation performance of antennas could be obtained by testing in different conditions and treated as reference when plane array antennas are placed for lack of relative standards,and the EMC could also be controlled through suppressing surface waves.Additionally,managing the superstructure space and frequency spectrum are also needed to prohib it mutual interference between plane array antennas.