人类经济活动对长白山自然保护区动物多样性的影响

Impact of Human Economic Activities on Animal Diversity in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

对近30 a长白山自然保护区及保护区周边森林、人口和社会经济变化以及人类经济活动对长白山动物多样性的影响进行了调查分析.结果表明:长白山自然保护区周边人口急剧增加,森林覆盖率有所下降,土地利用率较10 a前增加了10倍,在保护区内消失的动物种类有9种,包括犬科动物(Canidae)、东北虎(Panthera tigrislongipilis)、远东豹(Panthera pardus)、黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)、金雕(Aquila chrysaetos)、青羊(Naemorhedus goral)和梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)等,处于濒危的种类有19种,包括棕熊(Ursw arctos)、黑熊(Setenarctos thibetanus)、水獭(Lutra lutra)、马鹿(Ceruus elaphus)等.保护区内及周边区域的土地过度利用、林产品采集和人口急剧增加是导致动物栖息地破碎化、动物食物链断裂、动物多样性趋于减少的主要因素.在保障人类生存和发展的同时有效地保护环境和资源的可持续利用是未来研究的重要课题.

Nearly 30 years change of forest,population and socio-economic of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve and reserve around and impact of human economic activity on animal diversity in Changbai Mountain were investigated.The analysis results show that population of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve around had rapidly increased.The forest coverage was descended.The use ratio of land was added 10 times than that of 10 years.Ten kinds of animals disappeared in nature reverse including Canidae,Panthera tigris longipilis,Panthera pardus,Ciconia nigra,Aquila chrysaetos,Naemorhedus goral,Cervus Nippon and so on.And endangered species had 19 kinds including Ursw arctos,Setenarctos thibetanus,Lutra lutra,Ceruus elaphus and so on.Land use,forest product collect and population increase of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve and reserve around were major factors to lead animal habitat fragmentation,food-chain broken and animal diversity decrease.To ensure the existence and development of human and effectively protect environment and resources sustainable utilization in the same time are research issues in the future.