我国农村承包地流转制度变迁解读——基于新制度经济学的视角分析

China's Rural Land Circulation System Transition —Based on the New Institutional Economics Perspective

制度变迁的过程是一种效益更高的制度对另一种制度的替代过程,其目的是使外在的潜在利润内部化。随着改革开放的深入,家庭承包责任制的边际效益和边际效率均逐渐递减,农民在潜在外部利润和获利机会下自发倡导、组织和实行承包地流转,实行诱致性制度变迁。但这种承包地流转制度极不规范,没有一定的制度规则可循。虽然制度变迁是制度主体为实现利益最大化而进行的社会博弈过程,但在我国工业化和城市化同时快速发展时期,政府尤其是中央政府在承包地流转发展完善期间应居于主导地位,从农业发展和国民经济的整体目标决定制度供给的方向、形式、进程及战略安排。

Institutional change is a more effective system to another system of alternative process that the goal is to internalize the external potential profits.With the reform and opening up,the household contract responsibility system was marginal benefit and marginal efficiency of gradually decreasing,and farmers spontaneously initiated,organized the contracted land transfer in the potential profits and the outside profitable opportunities.But there is no certain system and rules to follow in the condition of highly irregular flow of the contracted land.Although in the period of rapid development of China's industrialization and urbanization institutional change is the process of the social game that system of the Main maximize the benefits,therefore Government,in particular the central government,should be dominant in the process of rural contracted land transfer that decides direction,forms,processes and strategic arrangements of policy supply from the overall objective of agricultural development and the national economy.