基于信息熵权TOPSIS法的步行商业街业态竞争力及布局研究——以杭州市两条步行商业街为实证案例

Study on the competitiveness and layout of commercial pedestrian streets' business forms through IEW & TOPSIS-two comparative cases in Hangzhou

近期,全国许多城市大刀阔斧地进行步行商业街建设来打造城市名片,其业态结构、规划布局和竞争力提升对其招商、建设和大旅游产业链的培育等具有深远意义.本研究选取杭州市内两条不同时期规划的步行商业街——河坊街和南宋御街为对象,采用实地调查和案例对比,对步行商业街的业态构建了竞争力评价的指标体系,并首次在商业街研究领域中采用了信息熵权TOPSIS法(逼近理想解排序法),对两者业态的竞争力、空间布局进行了比较分析.研究发现:(1)四种业态在两条街中最具竞争力,分别是服饰、餐饮、工艺品和食杂店.其中,无品牌的本土工艺品店、本土品牌的服饰店和食杂店的竞争力在河坊街排名前三,而在南宋御街排名前三的依次是本土品牌的餐饮店、国外品牌的餐饮店以及本土品牌服饰店.(2)工艺品店竞争力的排名差异最大.在河坊街,无论国外还是本土的工艺品店,其排名都很靠前;而在南宋御街,其排名则全部垫底.(3)百货店在两条街的业态竞争力排名中均处于倒数.此外,研究还发现了步行商业街业态的竞争力与其布局之间存在着协调一致性,并且,业态的空间集聚、分散现象与其竞争力强弱有着紧密联系.

Previously commercial pedestrian streets developed extremely fast in urban China.The structure adjustment,layout's rationality and competitiveness improvement of their business forms have much to do with the planning,construction,investment and promotion of the streets as well as the development of the tourism industry chain.This study picks up two famous commercial pedestrian streets in Hangzhou as comparative cases,Hefang Street and Southern Song Imperial Street,which are designed and built in different eras.With an empirical method and TOPSIS by Information Entropy Weight(IEW),the research sets up an evaluation index system to calculate the competitiveness of each business form and analyze its layout on both streets.The research has drawn the conclusion that:(1) There are four most competitive business forms in both streets,and they are clothing,catering,crafts and groceries.As for Hefang Street,domestic crafts without brands,domestic-brand clothing and groceries are the top three forms in competitiveness,while domestic-brand catering,oversea-brand catering and domestic-brand clothing rank top three in Southern Song Imperial Street.(2) It is the crafts that display the most prominent difference in competitiveness rankings between the two streets: In Hefang Street,no matter with domestic or oversea brands,crafts are highly competitive,however,they are less competitive in Southern Song Imperial Street.(3) General stores are ranked at the bottom of the competitiveness in both streets.Additionally,the coordination and consistency between the business forms' competitiveness and their layouts has been discovered as well,and the relationship between the competitiveness and the agglomeration as well as the discrete of business forms has also been discussed.