股骨远端髁间凹陷的形态观察及其临床意义

Observation of the femoral intercondylar introcession and its clinical significance

目的探讨股骨远端髁间凹陷的形态学特点和规律性,用于指导股骨远端手术中的定位、定向操作。方法取86侧干燥成人股骨骨骼标本,对股骨远端进行形态观察并测量股骨外髁前后径(X1)、髌面前切迹深(X2)、髌面切迹前后径(X3)、髁间窝深(X4)、外髁高(X5)、髌面下切迹深(X6),计算股骨髁髌面前切迹深指数(X2/X1)、股骨髁髌面下切迹深指数(X6/X5)、髁间窝深指数(X4/X1),分析各指标间的相关性。结果 X1:(57.5±4.7)mm;X2:(6.3±2.3)mm;X3:(23.1±2.9)mm;X4:(28.1±3.0)mm;X5:(35.8±4.8)mm;X6:(8.7±1.1)mm;X2/X1:0.109±0.040;X6/X5:0.246±0.033;X4/X1:0.488±0.028,股骨外髁前后径与髁间窝深指数和股骨髁髌面前切迹深指数无相关性(r=0.103,P=0.343;r=0.118,P=0.281),外髁高与股骨髁髌面下切迹深指数呈负相关(r=-0.572,P=0.000)。结论股骨远端髁间凹陷的形态具有一定的规律性,可用于指导股骨远端手术中的定位、定向操作,有利于微创手术。

Objective To observe the morphological characteristics and regularity of the femoral intercondylar introcession for internal fixations for the distal femoral operation.Methods Eighty-six femurs were studied and 9 parameters of the femoral condyle were obtained,including the anteroposterior diameter of lateral condyle(X1),the depth of anterior patellar groove(X2),the anteroposterior diameter of patellar groove(X3),the depth of intercondylar fossa(X4),the height of lateral condyle(X5),the depth of lower patellar groove(X6),the depth index of anterior patellar groove(X2/X1),the depth index of lower patellar groove(X6/X5)and the depth index of intercondylar fossa(X4/X1).The distribution and relationship of the data were analyzed statistically.Results The femoral condyle is irregular bone,and each part has some morphological character.X1:(57.5±4.7)mm;X2:(6.3±2.3)mm;X3:(23.1±2.9)mm;X4:(28.1±3.0)mm;X5:(35.8±4.8)mm;X6:(8.7±1.1)mm;X2/X1:0.109±0.040;X6/X5:0.246±0.033;X4/X1:0.488±0.028.We found there was no relationship between X1 and X2/X1 or X4/X1(r=0.103,P=0.343;r=0.118,P=0.281),but a negative relationship between X5 and X6/X5(r=-0.572,P=0.000).Conclusions Our investigation demonstrate that there is certain regularity in the morphological characteristics of the intercondylar introcession.It is meaningful for accurate location and orientation of the distal femoral operation and also for the microsurgery.