重庆市渝北区地表景观时空演化及生态效应分析

The Analysis of the Landscape Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Ecological Effects Thereof in Yubei District of Chongqing

土地利用景观格局的变化会引起不同土地景观单元间能量、物质及营养成分的流动与变化,也会引起区域生态过程及系统功能的变化。渝北区作为重庆主城和新型工业化发展的主要拓展区,在高强度的人为干扰下,区域地表景观结构发生了明显的变化,由此引起的生态环境效应也必然十分明显。研究基于近二十年来渝北区地表覆盖变化情况,应用斑块类型水平景观水平层次中的12种景观指数,针对重庆市渝北区的建设用地、耕地、水体、草地、林地五类主体景观在1988～2010年的时空变化情况进行分析,以探求各类景观的时空演化特征,明确该区域景观格局演变对生态系统的影响,为了解生态环境变化趋势及推动该区域经济与环境协调发展提供科学的依据。

Landscape pattern change will cause the flow and changes of energy,substance and nutrients among different units of landscape,and also cause changes in regional ecological processes and systems function.As the main part of Chongqing city and a major expansion area of new industrial development,Yubei district landscape structure changes significantly under the human disturbance of high intensity,the ecological effects thus caused are certainly very obvious.Based on the changes of land coverage during the past two decades in Yubei district,this paper analyses the spatial-temporal evolution from 1988 to 2010 of the five types of main landscape which are construction land,cultivated land,water body,grassland and woodland,through the application of 12 landscape indexes in horizontal layers of patch type landscape,in an effort to find out the spatial-temporal feature of various types of landscape evolution and the effect thereof on the ecological system,and provide scientific foundation for understanding the trend of ecological environment evolution and advancing harmonious development of regional economy and environment.