社会保障制度改革的一个政策工具:“目标定位”

A Policy Instrument to Reform the Social Welfare Regimes: Targeting Social Benefits

20世纪70年代以来,西方福利国家普遍经历了深刻的危机并由此进行了全面的改革。在改革的过程中,“目标定位”政策得到了广泛的应用,成为福利国家削减开支的重要政策工具。本文首先分析了目标定位的含义、兴起的背景,进而分析了目标定位的各种措施以及优越性;然后结合一些案例国家的改革情况介绍了目标定位的诸多方法,包括传统方法以及创新的方法,并指出了创新方法的优势;然后从纵向和横向两个方面探讨了目标定位的绩效评估问题;最后对目标定位中存在的问题进行了研究并给出了政策建议。

Since the 1970s, the western welfare states have been suffering from 'welfare crisis' universally and profoundly. As a result, a comprehensive reform is on the way. In the course of welfare system reform, the 'targeting policy', as an important instrument to cut down welfare expenditures, is widely a-dopted. This paper, firstly, introduces the definition and the arisen background of the targeting policy, and explains the various targeting measures and their respective merits. And then through some typical countries' reform experience, the author describes the kinds of methods of targeting, including traditional and innovative ones, and points out the superiority of the innovative methods over the traditional, analyzing the performance evaluation of the targeting policy from both vertical and horizontal angles. Lastly, they discuss the problems existing in the targeting policy, and present some policy advices.