美国高等教育早期发展的特征剖析

An Analysis on American Higher EducationDevelopment at early Stage

从独立战争到南北战争这段时期是美国高等教育发展的一段关键的时期,在此期间,美国的大学不仅在数量上飞速增长,而且基本上确立了美国现代大学的特征,即以私立为主、多样化和互为竞争,建立国立大学的倡议的失败及达特茅斯学院诉讼案的判决是这个阶段高等教育发展的最主要推动力,前者限制了联邦政府在美国整个高等教育系统特征的塑造过程中的作用,后者则进一步限制了州政府对私立学院的权力。

From the American Revolution To the Civil War is a key stage on American higher education development. During this period, not only American university expanded quickly, but also the basic characters of American modern university were shaded.Main of private, diversity competed each other. The defeat of the idea of a national university and the decision in the case of Dartmouth College were the major impulses of development of higher education in this stage. The first of these set limits on the role of the federal government in shaping the characters of the whole of American higher education, the second evenset sharper limits on the state over private colleges.