九连墩出土漆器漆灰层制作工艺研究

Research on the Making Techniques about Lacquer Plaster Layer of Lacquer Wares Excavated from Jiuliandun Tombs

利用SEM的背散射电子和能谱仪、X射线衍射分析技术,对湖北枣阳九连墩楚墓出土的两件具有厚漆灰层漆膜样品进行了形貌和结构表征研究。实验数据表明:漆膜主要分为三层,即漆灰层、底漆层和色漆层;采用了石英(SiO2)和骨灰Ca(5PO4)(3OH)颗粒作为漆灰中的无机填料;漆灰层在髹制时首先髹制混合着大颗粒骨灰的漆灰,然后再髹制调和细粒径石英颗粒的漆灰。研究结果揭示出楚人已经认识到无机填料种类和粒径对漆灰层物化性质的影响,形成了完善的漆灰层制作技术。

Two pieces of lacquer fragments with thick lacquer plaster layer were detected by analysis methods of Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results indicate that there exist three types of secondary layers in lacquer film with different functions,such as lacquer plaster layer,undercoat layer and colored paint layer.The lacquer plaster can be divided into two layers according to different fillers with different grain size,such as the bottom layer is a mixture of layer liquid and bone ash [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] in large particles,and the upper layer is made up with layer liquid and quartz(SiO2) in small particles.These evidences point to that the Chu people realized the influence of inorganic fillers upon the lacquer plaster layers and formed perfect technology to make them.