中阿建交问题探析

An Analysis of the Establishment of Sino-Afghan Relations

1950年1月12日,阿富汗正式承认中华人民共和国,表达了建立阿中双边外交关系的愿望和建议,但其后不久却又以国内财政困难为由单方面地搁置了建交进程。当然这里自然有反映其国内实情的一面,而其背后更深层次的原因则值得深究:一方面,当时的阿富汗政府虽继续坚持中立政策,但把加强阿美关系作为其对外政策的重要支柱;另一方面,美国为遏制苏联,加强了对阿富汗的拉拢和渗透。因此,阿美关系日益发展。在美国孤立、封锁、包围新中国的大形势下,阿富汗出于维护其自身国家利益的考量,暂时搁置了中阿建交进程。从1953年下半年开始,阿富汗国内政局的变化和阿美关系出现裂痕、阿苏关系不断改善、中国积极推行睦邻外交政策以及此一时期中印正处于"蜜月期"等综合因素,导致中阿建交进程开始出现转机。经过一系列政治对话和外交谈判,1955年1月20日中阿发表建交公报,正式建立外交关系,成为其后几十年中阿友好合作关系发展的历史起点。

On January 12,1950,Afghanistan recognized the People's Republic of China,and expressed its desire to establish bilateral relations with China.Not long after,Afghanistan stalled this process,citing domestic financial difficulties.While this did reflect the reality in Afghanistan,there are deeper reasons as to why progress was stalled that are worth considering:first,while the Afghan government insisted on maintaining a policy of neutrality,it also made the enhancement of relations with the United States a mainstay of its foreign policy;second,in order to contain the USSR,the United States pulled Afghanistan closer,resulting in the steady improvement of U.S.-Afghan ties.Against the backdrop of U.S.efforts to isolate,blockade,and contain the new China and out of consideration of its direct national interests,Afghanistan suspended the process of establishing diplomatic ties with China.Starting from the second half of 1953,changes in Afghanistan's domestic politics and a fissure in ties between Afghanistan and the U.S.resulted in the improvement of relations between Afghanistan and the U.S.S.R.As China was then positively advancing friendly diplomatic relations with its neighbors during this 'honeymoon period' between China and India,space opened for a shift in Sino-Afghanistan relations.After a series of political dialogues and diplomatic talks,on January 20,1955 China and Afghanistan issued a communique on the official establishment of diplomatic ties,beginning several decades of friendship between the two countries.