污染土壤微生物群落结构分子鉴定技术研究进展

Progress of the Molecular Biotechnology for Microbial Community Structure Analysis of Contaminated Soils

土壤微生物群落结构多样性检测是土壤修复、监测、评估时的一个重要参数。由于绝大多数微生物在实验室条件下是不可培养,因而早期依赖于微生物培养的检测结果代表性不强。20世纪90年代以来,不依赖于微生物培养的分子生物学方法是研究微生物群落结构的重要手段。该文对近年来土壤污染微生物群落结构研究所采用的主要分子生物学方法按照其原理进行了比较、分析、总结。根据不同技术的灵敏度、优缺点分析了其适用范围。指出了目前技术中存在的一些共性问题和缺陷并展望了土壤修复领域分子生物学技术的发展趋势。

Microbial community structure of soil was an important index during soil remediation,monitoring and evaluation.The early detection techniques were mainly depending on the culture of the microbe in the medium.However,most of the microbe in the soil could not be cultured at laboratory conditions,so the detection results could not represent the whole microbe of the soil.Molecular biology tools independent of culture were important tools in the research of microbial community structure since the 1990s.The main molecular biology tools applied recent years in the research of soil contamination ecology were compared,analyzed and summarized according to their principles.The application scope of different techniques was differentiated in accordance with the sensitiveness,advantage and disadvantage of these techniques.The general problems and deficiencies of these molecular techniques currently used were pointed out.Furthermore,the developing tendency of molecular biology techniques in the field of soil remediation was prospected.