1917～1937年山西棉政的实施与绩效

Implementation and Performance of Cotton Governance During 1917～1937 in Shanxi Province

1917~1937年间,山西省积极推行棉政,其实施大致经历了两个阶段:第一阶段(1917~1933年)由省政府倡导植棉;第二阶段(1934~1937年)在棉业统制委员会统制下综合解决棉业问题。经过此20年的努力,山西棉业取得了一定成绩,如棉花品种得到改良,棉田面积大幅度扩展,棉花产量增加、质量提高;所产棉花不仅满足了本省人民日常生活需要和本省纺织业的原料需求,还有相当数量的棉花可供输出;棉花种植和运销一定程度上增加了农民的经济收益;棉花检验对形成公平的市场竞争秩序和良好的市场风气发挥了一定作用。当然由于种种原因,山西棉政的绩效未能充分发挥。尤需指出,棉花统制虽然在某种意义上有抵制日本经济侵略的意义,但棉花的大量输出客观上也为日本提供了工业原料。

During 1917~1937,the provincial government of Shanxi actively promoted cotton governance.Its implementation had two stages.At the first stage(1917~1933),the provincial government advocated planting cotton;at the second stage(1934~1937) under the Cotton Controlling Committee,the province led the work of integrated solution problems of cotton industry.After 20 years,cotton industry of Shanxi made some achievements: cotton varieties improved, cotton areas greatly expanded,and cotton quantity increased and quality improved;furthermore,cotton output not only met the daily needs of the people and the demand for raw materials of textile industry in Shanxi province,but there was a considerable export;and finally to a certain extent,planting and marketing cotton increased the economic benefits of farmers;and cotton testing played a role in the formation of fair market competition order and good atmosphere. However,cotton governance did not achieve sufficient performance because of certain reasons.Cotton controlling in a sense played a role in resisting economic aggression from Japan,but large amounts of cotton export provided industrial materials for Japan.