龟兹佛教史研究的现状与展望

Current Situation and Prospect of Research in Qiuci Buddhist History

龟兹是印度佛教东传重要的中转基地之一。龟兹佛教不仅承载了印度部派佛教的义理,还发展了印度佛教理论。龟兹佛教直接影响了中国内地佛教思想和艺术的发展,它理所当然地应该在中国佛教史中占有重要的地位。百年来,对龟兹佛教及其艺术的研究,取得令人瞩目的成果。然而,在以"大乘佛教"为统治地位的中国佛教中,龟兹佛教因属于"小乘佛教"体系而长期被轻视,处于"边缘化"的地位。其表现为,在中国历来的佛教史中,龟兹佛教史的记述极其简略,轻描淡写或材料堆砌,内容雷同;用大乘佛教理念解读龟兹佛教及其艺术内涵,背离原来思想,导致长期以来龟兹佛教的真髓不能被真正揭示出来。改变这种状况要解放思想、改变观念、理论求新。首先要为龟兹佛教作历史定位和理论定位。找准龟兹佛教的思想基础和理论框架。在前贤研究成果基础上,贯彻"科学发展"和"继承与发展"的方针,勇于开拓,与时俱进。展望未来,龟兹佛教史研究定会迈向更高的新阶段。

Qiuci is one of leading transfer bases for Indian Buddhism to be introduced eastward.Qiuci Buddhism not only carries the concept of Buddhism in Indian version but also develops Indian Buddhist theory.It takes immediate effect on the Buddhist theory and art in rest of China.Qiuci Buddhism justifiably takes an important position in China's Buddhist history.In the past century,remarkable progress has been made in the research on Qiuci Buddhism and its art.Still,in Chinese Buddhism dominated by Mahayana,Qiuci Buddhism in Hinayāna Buddhism has been neglected for a long time at marginal position,which is mirrored in the fact that Chinese history of Buddhism for ages contains sketchy account of Qiuci Buddhist history or material piled up with identical content.If the concept of Mahayana were adopted to interpret Qiuci Buddhism and its artistic connotation,the original idea would be deviated and the essence of Qiuci Buddhism could not be exposed true.If such a situation is expected to turn for better,we need to emancipate our mind,change concept and seek for something new in theory.Above all,Qiuci Buddhism needs to be defined in both history and theory to locate definitely ideological base and theoretical framework for Qiuci Buddhism.On that basis,if we implement the policy 'scientific development' and 'inheritance and development',blaze our trail and go along with times,the research in Qiuci Buddhist history is bound to come up to a higher stage.