新《民事诉讼法》司法鉴定立法的进步与不足——对新民诉法涉及修改鉴定规定的几点认识

The Progress and Shortcomings of the New Civil Procedure Law Regarding Provisions on Forensic Appraisal

新修订的刑事、民事两大诉讼法,均于2012年1月实施。其中关于司法鉴定规定的修订和增加的内容较多。新民诉法关于鉴定的新规定较新刑诉法具有条款更多、内容更具体、更有突破性的特点。从鉴定理论与实务角度,侧重论述新民诉法关于鉴定立法的五大进步——鉴定启动程序的控制、鉴定人资格的限定、鉴定人出庭作证条件的放宽、鉴定人拒绝出庭作证的两种严重后果、当事人聘请"有专门知识的人"出庭任务的加重规定的立法依据和创新意义及实施要点。同时,也从执法层面探讨民事诉讼中鉴定立法的六个不足,比较细致地阐述不足的依据所在,设计了制定司法解释的具体措施和执法应掌握的要点及今后修法的建议。

The new Criminal Procedural Law and Civil Procedural Law,amended by the NPC,will be implemented in January 2013.The revised content involves some provisions about forensic appraisal.The new Civil Procedural Law has more terms in this regard,and it is more specific compared with the new Criminal Procedural Law.In view of theory and practice of forensic appraisal,this article discusses the progress in the new Civil Procedural Law:the control of startup of appraisal,the qualification of appraisers,the relaxation of requirements for the appraisers' appearing in court,the two serious consequences of the appraisers' refusal to testify,the provisions regarding appearing in court by'personnel with expertise'hired by the parties.At the same time,it will discuss the defects of the provisions,and make some suggestions about judicial interpretation and amending the law in the future.