北宋前期役制变迁探析

Research on the Change of Forced Labor System in the Prior Period of Northern Song Dynasty

北宋前期役制继承了唐末、五代役制的发展成果,表现出新的特征,包括主体役种由力役向职役的更迭,征役对象由人丁的年龄向资产的迁移,服役范围也由中央用役向地方用役为主转变。这些特征的出现不仅根基于唐末、五代中央与地方的分权背景,也与唐宋之际财政和赋税制度的变化息息相关。北宋前期役制的变迁有利于减轻百姓负担,实现役制公平,也代表了中国古代社会后期役制发展的方向。

The forced labor system in the prior period of Northern Song Dynasty came from late Tang dynasty and Five dynasties.It exhibits some new characteristics including the alternates of main service kind from corvee to vocational service,the change of service object from age to property,the variation of service range from central to local government.The appearance of these characteristics not only took decentralization of central and local government as background,but also was associated with the change of finance and tax in that era.The change of forced labor system in that era was beneficial to lighten civil burden and realize fairness of corvee.It also oriented the development of the force labor system in ancient China.