刑事诉讼的功能性结构初论

A Preliminary Discussion on the Functional Structure of Criminal Litigation

犯罪行为所引起的刑事法律关系规定了刑事诉讼的基本主体及其功能方向。审判、控诉和辩护是刑事诉讼中的三种基本诉讼功能,其他功能要素经过法理上的整合可以分别纳入其中。作为证据方法的证人和鉴定人以及翻译人员均不具有独立的诉讼功能,也不承担任何协助诉讼的功能。所有刑事诉讼主体的功能边界的集合构成刑事诉讼的功能性结构,经过法理整合的审判、控诉和辩护三种基本诉讼功能的边界的集合则构成刑事诉讼基本的功能性结构。

The criminal legal relationship caused by crime determines the basic subjects of criminal litigation and the directions of their litigating functions. The basic litigating functions in criminal litigation include trial function, accusation function and defense function in which all other functions can be included after integration in jurisprudence. As evidential methods, the witness and evaluation expert have no independent or auxiliary litigating function, neither has the interpreter. The aggregation of the boundaries of all subjects'functions forms the functional structure of criminal litigation, and the aggregation of the boundaries of trial function, accusation function and defense function integrated in jurisprudence forms the basic functional structure of criminal litigation.