矿山地质环境治理工程设计思路探讨——以广西凤山县石灰岩矿山为例

Design ideas of controling geo-environmental problems of mines: a case study of a limestone mine in Fengshan county,Guangxi

我国许多废弃和老矿山未实施地质环境治理和土地恢复工程,矿区内环境恶劣。为了解决废弃矿山遗留的环境问题,国家提供了专门的政策和资金进行治理,但亟需从技术层面上提出一套适合国情的设计理论。在总结废弃矿山地质环境治理工程特点的基础上,提出了矿山地质环境治理工程设计的原则、指标和流程,并将设计理论用于广西凤山石灰岩矿山的治理工程设计。结果表明:(1)矿山地质环境问题复杂多样,治理工程涉及环境地质、生态地质、岩土工程、环境工程和景观工程等多学科交叉。治理工程设计需要综合考虑地质环境问题、可行性、效益和社会需求四个主要指标。(2)凤山石灰岩矿山的地质环境问题包括松动危岩、潜在崩塌体、土地和植被资源占用与破坏、地形地貌景观破坏。采取截水、锚固、落石平台和岩石雕刻将采石掌子面改造为公园的景点,并通过岩壁雕刻宣传当地的民俗文化。(3)治理工程消除了废弃采石矿山的地质灾害安全隐患,同时,建设成世界级的雕刻景点,从环境、经济和社会三方面体现了治理工程的效益。

Geo-environmental treatment projects and land restoration plans have not been implemented in many old mines of China.The government provides special policies and funding to solve the geo-environmental problems of those mines.It is necessary to bring up a set of design theory which is suit for Chinese conditions from the technical level.Based on the characteristics of the geo-environmental treatment projects of old mines,the paper puts forward the principle,index and process of the treatment projects and applies in the design of Fengshan limestone mine,Guangxi.The results show that:(1)The geological environment problems are complex and diverse,and the treatment projects involve a multi-disciplinary cross which are environmental geology,ecology geology,geotechnical engineering,environmental engineering and landscape works.It needs to consider the key indicators: geo-environment problems,feasibility,benefit and social demand.(2) the limestone mine in Fengshan is 134m high,and a collapse of 2.1×104 m3 happened and killed 6 people.The geo-environment problems include rockfall,rock collapse,land and vegetation destruction and landscape damage.Therefore,drainage,anchoring,rockfalls platforms and rock carvings are implemented for the purpose of transforming the mine into a sight spot in the park;(3) the treatment projects eliminate the geo-hazard and build the world-class carving attractions reflecting the benefit of the project management from the environment,economy and society aspects.