刺参养殖池塘的水质变化

Variation of Water Quality in Culture Ponds for Apostichopus Japonicus

通过检测刺参养殖池塘底层水的11项理化指标和细菌数量,研究山东省莱州刺参养殖池塘水质的全年变化规律。结果显示各项指标变化范围:池塘水温4.97～29.73℃,pH值7.83～8.37,盐的质量分数2.70%～2.88%,溶解氧、硫化物、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、总氮、活性磷、总磷和COD的质量浓度分别为3.81～9.03 mg/L、0.010～0.049 mg/L、0.023～0.051 mg/L、0.002～0.156 mg/L、1.941～3.813 mg/L、0.024～0.047 mg/L、0.031～0.111 mg/L和6.17～47.73 mg/L;异养菌数量为1.91×103～2.71×104(CFU)/mL,弧菌数量为2.92×10～4.50×103(CFU)/mL。弧菌数量占异养菌数的比例在11月份和4月份出现2个峰值,分别为22.92%和21.60%。表明刺参养殖池塘水质一直处于变动状态,各理化指标之间以及和细菌数量之间关系复杂紧密,外界影响因素的轻微变化会导致池塘各指标的连锁反应。

Annual variation of bottom water quality in culture ponds for Apostichopus Japonicus in Laizhou of Shandong Province was studied by measuring 11 physicochemical indexes and bacterial numbers.The results show that the physicochemical indexes and bacterial numbers keep changing in the year.The variation ranges of water temperature,dissolved oxygen level,pH value,and salinity are 4.97~29.73 ℃,3.81~9.03 mg/L,7.83~8.37,and 2.70%~2.88%,respectively.The concentrations of sulfide,nitrite nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,active phosphorus,total phosphorus and COD vary in the ranges of 0.010~0.049 mg/L,0.023~0.051 mg/L,0.002~0.156 mg/L,1.941~3.813 mg/L,0.024~0.047 mg/L,0.031~0.111 mg/L and 6.17~47.73 mg/L,respectively.The numbers of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio vary from 1.91×103 to 2.71×104 CFU/mL and from 29.2 to 4.50×103 CFU/mL,respectively.The proportion of vibrio to heterotrophic bacteria appears two peaks in November(22.92%) and April(21.60%).The study suggests that the water quality of culture ponds keeps fluctuating during the tested period.There are complicated and close relationship among physicochemical indexes and bacterial number,and a slight change of external factors will bring consecutive reactions to different indexes of culture ponds.