硝基苯加氢合成对氨基苯酚绿色催化反应过程

Green catalytic synthesis of p-aminophenol via hydrogenation of nitrobenzene

对氨基苯酚是一种重要的化工原料及有机中间体.本课题组对非硫酸介质中硝基苯加氢合成对氨基苯酚催化剂及合成工艺进行了系统研究.本文综述了这方面的研究进展,包括铂均匀分散的酸性离子液体催化剂、Pt/SiO2和酸性离子液体构成的固-液相型双功能催化剂、固载型Pt-离子液体催化剂、Pt-超强酸双功能催化剂、Pt-杂原子取代磷酸铝分子筛催化剂、Pt-碳基固体酸催化剂及Pt-Lewis酸金属盐催化剂等.其中,Pt-Lewis酸金属盐催化体系的反应活性和选择性达到或接近了工业上以硫酸为酸催化剂的水平,具有良好的工业应用前景,目前正在对其进行工业放大过程的相关研究.

p-aminophenol(PAP) is an important chemical raw material and organic intermediates.A variety of synthesis routes and catalysts for the preparation of PAP form hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in absence of sulphuric acid medium had been studied in our early studies and was summarized in the paper.The catalyst system includes highly dispersed platinum-acidic ionic liquid catalyst,Pt/SiO2and acidic ionic liquid solid-liquid phase bifunctional catalyst,immobilized Pt-ionic liquid catalyst,Pt-superacid bifunctional catalyst,Pt-heteroatom substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst,Pt-carbon-based solid acid catalyst and Pt-Lewis acid metal salt catalyst.The activity and selectivity of Pt-Lewis acid metal salt catalyst system are very close to the results of the industrial production catalyzed by sulphuric acid.This process has a good prospect for industrial application and the studies on industrial scale are now in progress.