新型受贿的裁判尺度与社会指引——指导案例号《潘玉梅、陈宁受贿案》评析

Judgment Criterion and Social Guidace of New Type Bribery: Comment on the No.3 Guiding Case of "Pan Yumei, Chen Ning Bribery Case"

案例指导制度的建构是一个长期、渐进的演化过程。对已公布的指导性案例进行实证考察并对今后的发展方向提出建议,是推进案例指导制度建设的"另一条有效途径"。指导性案例作为典型法律事例,是事实与规范相互匹配的样板案件。指导案例3号提供了新型受贿的一般裁判尺度,相关裁判要点是对刑法条文的适法性解释,与特定的事实情形相匹配。在理解和参照指导性案例的过程中,应聚焦于"类似案件"的事实识别。同时,在成文法语境下,刑事指导案例作为公法性案例具有不同于私法性案例的形成和运行机制,其原创性和能动性是有限度的,不宜过度期待和追求。不过,这也并不影响其"指导性"功能,包括统一裁判尺度、实现"同案同判",承载"社会指引"等多重价值目标的实现。此外,定罪案例和量刑案例应当并重,今后应加大量刑案例的培育和研发力度,同时在编写技术上加强对"案情事实"的叙述和公布。

It is a long run for the construction of the case guidance system. Making empirical researches on the guiding cases issued and providing proposals for the later development are 'another effective approach' to promote the construction of the case guidance system. Guiding cases, as typical legal cases, are the samples matching facts and norms. The No. 3 guiding case provides general judgment criterion for the new type bribery, the judgment essence of which is the legal interpretations of criminal items match special facts. In the process of understanding and consulting the guiding cases, the focus should be the fact recognition of 'similar cases'. Meanwhile, in the context of statute law, as the cases of public laws, the formation and operation system of criminal guiding cases, which are different from the cases of private laws, have limitation in the originality and activity, so there should be no excessive expectation and pursuit to the criminal guiding cases. However, this does not affect its 'guiding' function, including unifying judgment criterion, 'treating the same case equally', assuming 'social guidance', etc. Moreover, there should be no bias between the cases of conviction and penalty measurement, the cultivation and researches of penalty measurement cases should increase in the future, the narration and issue of the 'case fact' should be strengthened in the writing skill at the same time.