作为特殊自然法的政治经济学——哈奇逊的经济思想及其意义

The Political Economics as a Special Nature Law: The Economic Thoughts and Significances of Francis Hutcheson

在十八世纪苏格兰经济政治社会转型之际,弗兰西斯·哈奇逊进一步发展了苏格兰自然法理学传统,把道德哲学和自然法学说加以结合,并从这一传统出发,对普芬道夫自然法框架下的经济思想进行了极大的修订,凸显了商业社会形成过程中个人自然自由的重要性。其关于分工、需求、价值等经济问题的思考对亚当·斯密以及古典经济学的建立产生了重要的影响,其中所蕴含的道德伦理思想对于当代经济学的发展也依然有着进步的意义。

In 18th century, when the Scottish economic and political society was transforming, Francis Hutcheson further developed the tradition of natural jurisprudence, combined moral philosophy and natural law, and vastly revised Pufendorf's economic thoughts that under the framework of natural law, which highlighted the importance of natural freedom of the individual in the process of the business community formation. His thinking about the economic problems like division of labor, demand and value had great influences on the thinking of Adam Smith as well as the establishment of classical political economics. The implied ethical thinking still has progressing significance for the development of contemporary economics.