马克思“共产主义者不需要道德说教”命题的思想逻辑

The Logical Thought of Marx's Proposition "Communists Need No Moral Preachment"

"共产主义者不需要道德说教"的命题是符合马克思理论的内在逻辑的,因而可以合乎逻辑地推出这一必然结论。马克思认为,社会存在决定社会意识,道德作为一种意识形态并不具有独立性,它受制于现实社会存在。因此道德问题得以产生和存在的根源是现实社会存在的冲突。故以道德说教和道德要求的方式不能彻底解决道德问题,彻底解决道德问题的关键还在于变革其根源,即现实社会存在。社会存在变革的可能限度又最终受制于生产力的发展,所以彻底解决道德问题的最终途径要靠生产力的发展。在生产力高度发达的共产主义社会,道德问题会随着社会冲突的消失而彻底解决,因此不再需要提出道德要求与道德说教。但命题的证成并不意味着马克思及其理论是"非道德主义"的,也不意味着对道德说教和规训的否弃,相反,马克思有自己的道德理论,道德教育与道德规训亦有其存在的必要价值。

The proposition 'communists need no moral preachment' is accord with the inherent logic of Marx's theory, so this inevitable conclusion can be logically deduced. Marx considers that social existence determines social consciousness, morality as a kind of ideology has no independence, and it is subject to real social existence, so that the conflicts of real social existence cause moral problems. Therefore, the way of thoroughly solving moral problems is not in moral preachment and moral requirements, but in changing real social existence. The possible limit of social existence change is ultimately subject to the development of productivity, so the ultimate way to thoroughly solve moral problems depends on the development of productivity. In the communist society with highly developed productivity, moral problems will be thoroughly solved along with the disappearance of social conflicts, so it needs no moral preachment or moral requirements. However, the justification of the proposition does not mean that Marx and his theory are 'non-moralism', and also not mean the negation of moral preachment or discipline, in the contrary, Marx has his moral theory, moral education and moral discipline also have necessary value of existence.