老龄化成本的国际比较与中国应对策略——基于养老支出视角的分析

International Comparison and Countermeasures of China for the Aging Costs:From the Perspective of Pension Expenditure

老龄化成本的不断上升导致了养老金绝对与相对数量的双重扩张,进而影响了经济增长和养老金收支平衡。为降低老龄化成本,欧洲提出了福利紧缩开支、延长工作年限、加强劳动力市场激励等改革措施。人口快速老龄化的中国应借鉴欧洲经验,有前瞻性地进行社会养老保险制度的顶层设计,构建多支柱的公平分配的社会养老金结构,建立劳动者工作时间与退休时间的动态平衡机制。

The rising aging costs leads to the double extension of absolute and relative pension expansion amount, thereby affects the economic growth as well as the revenue and expenditure balance of pension. In order to reduce the aging costs, the European countries tried to reduce the welfare austerity, prolong the work age and improve the labor market incentives, etc. Learning from Europe, China should strengthen the top-level design of pension system, build up social pension structure with fair distribution, and establish the dynamic balance mechanism of the working and retirement age.