“外来者故事”模式与当代汉族作家的“边疆叙事”小说

"Story about Outsiders" Model and "Frontier Narration" Novels Written by Contemporary Han Writers

"外来者故事"模式是自"五四"以来中国文学中常见的叙事模式,当代汉族作家的边疆题材小说亦有类同的模式安排。这种"外来者入边疆"的故事类型,在20世纪50～60年代的小说中是"拯救苦难"与"文明使者"的形象,隐含的是民族国家话语植入的功能;新时期之初,则是一种外来落难者沐浴着边疆人性温情的模式,它既是书写者历史记忆的复现,又是国家重启现代性工程进行社会动员的需要。从1980年代中后期直至新世纪,"外来者入边疆"主要是寻求精神救赎和对边疆异质文化的膺服,以此缓解现代性的逼迫和挤压。边疆少数民族的文化,成了汉族作家进行现代性思考的各取所需的一种资源,而它们很少以自己主体性进入汉族作家的书写视野。

'Story about outsiders' model is the common narrative mode in Chinese literature since the May 4th movement, the novels about frontiers written by contemporary Han writers also have similar pattern arrangement. This story type of 'outsiders into the frontier' was the image of 'saving people from suffering' and the 'civilization angel' in 50-60s novels, which implicated national state discourses implanted function. At the beginning of the new period, it was a kind of pattern to show outsiders enjoyed the warm from frontier people, it was the repetition of writers' memory, but also was the need which mobilized the society when the state restarted the modern engineering. From the 1980s until the new century, 'outsiders into the frontier' was mainly for pursuing the spiritual redemption and frontier heterogeneous culture to relieve modern pressure. The culture of frontier minority becomes a kind of resource for Han writers' modernity thinking, but it seldom enters the writing vision of Han writers on its own.