公民美德、公民权与公共行政——论新公共服务的范式困境

Citizen Virtue,Citizen Rights and Public Administration: The Paradigm Plight of New Public Service Theory

新公共服务理论从诞生之日开始,便在世界范围内产生了广泛而深远的影响。基于对公民的民主道德和政治品质的人性预设,新公共服务理论中的公共利益、公民权及其政治诉求之间存在着内在的逻辑关联,也正是由于这种抽象的人学规定,新公共服务理论所倡导的共同领导并未能形成统一有效的公共责任机制。尽管新公共服务认为参与式管理能够融合政治与行政的行为一致性,然而分散的权力和责任在民主现实层面容易产生一种真空的状态,从而会致使国家行为偏离基于人性的基本需求。在风险社会的背景下,新公共服务理论的范式困境彰显了民主道德化背后的人性危机,理想的公共行政应该立足于"现实的人"的立场,重构公共行政作为一门为人类谋福祉的学科本质。

The new public service theory has wild and profound influences since it formed. Based on the human presupposition of citizens' democratic ethics and political quality, there are internal logic relations amony the public benefit, the citizen rights and the political appeals. Just because of this kind of abstract humanism regulations, the new public service theory failed to form a uniform effective mechanism of responsibility. The new public service advocates that participatory management can combine political and administrative behavior consistency, however, decentralized authority and responsibility at the operation level are easy to produce a vacuum state which will cause the national behavior to deviate from the basic needs of humanity. In the backgound of risk society, the paradigm plight of new public service theory presents the crisis of human nature behind the democratic morality, ideal public administration should be grounded on the standpoint of 'real people' and reconstruct public administration as the discipline essence of seeking happiness for the mankind.