真正的伦理学是解除忧患的学问——试论杜威对伦理学的改造

Real Ethics is a Science of Relieving Hardship : On Dewey's Transformation of Ethics

学界常把杜威的伦理学视作一种回归科学的伦理学,其实,杜威的伦理学更多地体现为一种回归生活世界的伦理学。在杜威看来,传统伦理学由于一味追求至善、重视内在价值、强调规则而完全忽略了对人的生活世界的关注,故此,杜威对伦理学进行改造的目标,就是使其成为一种"解除忧患的学问",让伦理学关注生活世界。杜威对伦理学进行改造的途径,则是借用科学方法、关注道德情境、反对伪善、把道德视为生长,让人们回归生活世界。杜威对伦理学的改造,不仅对于我们重新审视罪恶、幸福、功利和教育问题,而且对于我们重新审视伦理学本身,都具有颇为重要的启发意义。

The academia always considered Dewey's ethics as an ethics which returned to science , actually , it presented as an ethics which returned to life world.In Dewey's view , traditional ethics always pursued the summum bonum , intrinsic value , and rules , but ignored the life world of human , therefore , Dewey's transformation of ethics aimed to let ethics be a ' science of relieving hardship ' and let ethics pay attention to human's life world.His methods included using scientific methods , paying attention to moral situation , againsting hypocrisy , and regarding moral as growth , so as to let people return to life world.Dewey's transformation of ethics could not only change people's views about evil , happiness , utilitarian and education , but also change people's view about ethics itself.