10万m^3外浮顶罐低液位时罐内油气爆炸研究

Research on Oil Vapor Explosion of One Hundred Thousand Cubic Meters External Floating Roof Tank

以计算流体力学软件FLACS为工具,研究了10万m3外浮顶储油罐在处于低液位发生沉顶事故后,油面挥发生成的油气爆炸后在罐区产生的超压、高温及火焰发展状况。研究证明,罐内油气首次爆炸产生的高温并不能对其他罐体造成显著的破坏,但是对罐周平台温度影响较大;由于大型储罐特殊的高径比,爆炸产生的超压较小,不足以形成破坏;首次爆炸产生的火球广度基本在事故罐体直径范围以内,不能对罐外其他罐体形成直接接触。罐区火灾爆炸破坏的主要原因应为多米诺效应产生的池火、泄漏所产生的流淌火、浓烟等次生灾害。

This research is focused on the one hundred thousand cubic meters external floating roof tank,whose roof has sunk when the oil is in a low level.Overpressure,temperature and flame is researched when the explosion is happened in oil tank.Simulation results reveal that high temperature produced after the first explosion will not bring about obvious breakage of other tanks nearby,but largely affect the platform temperature;overpressure produced is very tiny and it will not bring about breakage.The fire caused by the explosion cannot reach other tanks nearby and will not contact other tanks.Pool fire,flowing fire and dense smoke caused by Domino effect are the primary reasons of tank fire and explosion disasters.