行政行为概念的考证分析和重新建构

The Analysis and Reconstruction of the Concept of Administrative Behavior

行政行为理论是我国行政法学的核心理论之一,也是行政法学中最值得研究而其研究难度最大的课题。使行政行为概念明晰化,不仅是构筑行政法学科学体系枢纽部分的需要,而且是适应我国依法行政和司法审查实践的迫切需要。目前,我国行政法学中行政行为已成为一个极具争议的动态性概念,对于行政行为概念出现了两种比较对立的观点,一种意见秉承大陆法系行政法学主流派的严格主义态度,认为应采取外延较狭窄的狭义说;另一种意见认为要对行政行为采取宽泛主义的解释,把各类行政活动纳入到行政行为体系中。在对目前十种代表性观点及其内在关联脉络梳理之后,可以发现,行政行为在学术研究中循着"剥笋式"的外延不断缩小的顺序,而在实践中需要的却是"盖楼式"不断扩大外延的行政行为,因此,在不完全摈弃传统行政行为概念和理论的前提下,应采用比较宽泛的行政行为概念,使之更具有包容性、前瞻性和适应性,更适合当今中国依法行政、建设法治政府的需要。

Administrative behavior theory is one of the core theories in administrative jurisprudence in China,representing the most meaningful and difficult research topic in administrative jurisprudence.To construct the pivot of the disciplinary system for administrative jurisprudence and to respond to the urgent demand of public administration and judicial review makes it necessary to clearly define the concept of administrative behavior.At present,the concept has become a highly controversial dynamic one.There are two opposite views.One view follows a strict attitude of the mainstream of continental law system and adopts a narrow denotation for the concept.The other favors a wider denotation for administrative behavior and incorporates all kinds of administrative behavior into the administrative behavior system.The paper introduces and reviews the top ten views and combs their connections.We come to the conclusion that the denotation of administrative behavior concept has become narrower and narrower in academic research while practice requires the expansion of the concept.In light of such findings,the paper argues that a broader concept of administrative behavior should be adopted without abandoning the traditional concept and theories of administrative action in order to make it more inclusive,proactive and adaptable to satisfy the requirements of administration by law.