论我国植物人民事行为能力制度的建构

On Building the Civil Capacity System for Human Vegetables

现代医学水平的提高和急救技术的发展使得相当数量的脑损伤患者得以生还,同时也带来了植物人数量的大幅增长。该类人群因脑部受到损伤丧失意志能力而失去意志自由,在民事权利的行使和保护上具有独特的特点和需求,亟待通过建构独立的民事行为能力制度来补正其作为民事主体的缺陷,而我国相关规范的缺失及实践操作中的不明确已经成为植物人权利保护的桎梏。外国立法中对成年人禁治产和准禁治产宣告制度的废除、对成年人监护制度的重大修正以及确立意定监护制度的新趋势,为我国植物人民事行为能力制度的建构提供了充分的借鉴。结合我国实际,应舍弃对植物人无行为能力的直接认定或宣告制度,将其纳入成年监护制度,并引进意定监护,确认预先指示的法律效力,同时强化司法权的监督功能,建构由法定监护和意定监护两个部分构成的植物人民事行为能力制度。

The advancement of modern medicine and emergency technology has saved the life of patients with brain injury and resulted in a substantial increase in the number of human vegetables,who have lost the freedom of will due to brain damage and consequently have unique characteristics and needs in terms of civil rights protection and execution.It follows that it is urgent to construct an independent civil capacity system for these people to rectify their deficiencies as civil subjects.The absence of regulations and the ambiguity in practices has become a shackle to the protection of human vegetables'rights.The trend in other jurisdictions to abolish the interdiction and declaration system,amend the adult guardianship system and establish entrust guardianship offers a good reference for building the civil capacity system for human vegetables in China.Given the actual condition in China,it is necessary to abandon the direct determination of incapacity or declared system.Instead,human vegetables should be included in the adult guardianship system.In the meantime,entrust guardianship should be established and the legal effect of their predesignation be confirmed while judicial supervision be strengthened.This way,a civil capacity system for human vegetables will be established with two components:legal guardianship and entrust guardianship.