风险分担与地区专业化:中国的经验

Risk Sharing and Regional Specialization: Evidence from China

中国地区专业化进程问题需从市场本身的角度来分析。风险分担能力会显著影响一个国家或地区的专业化水平,如果一个国家或地区的风险分担能力较强,能找到一种或多种分担专业化风险的手段,它就能充分地发挥自身的比较优势,从而选择专业化的产业结构;反之,则会选择多样化的产业结构。基于中国1998-2008年的省级面板数据,研究发现,在控制其他因素后,中国各地区的风险分担能力显著影响了地区专业化水平,风险分担能力越强的地区,其专业化水平也越高。结论表明,即使是资源禀赋相同地区,由于风险分担能力的差异,也会选择不同的产业结构,现阶段提高各地区的专业化水平不仅需要减少市场保护、促进市场整合,还需要提高各自的风险分担能力。

Using provincial panel data over the period of 1998-2008 in China, this paper analyses regional specialization from the perspective of market, arguing that the ability of risk sharing can significantly affect a country or a region's specialization. If a country or region is strong in risk-sharing and has one or more ways to share the risk of specialization, it can give full play to its comparative advantage and affords more specialized industrial structure. Otherwise, it should choose more diversified industrial structure. The findings of this paper are robust. It is found that regions with the same resource endowments will choose different industrial structure, if they differ in the ability to share risk. It could be concluded that to enhance regional specialization, it is necessary to strengthen the risk sharing ability, in addition to reducing market protectionism and promoting market integration.