论积极行政法的构建——兼及以法律促进行政

On Building Positive Chinese Administrative Law:With Discussions on Promoting Administration by Law

法律对于行政的"严管"和"高压"策略,一定程度上窒息了行政的活力和创造性。积极政府、服务行政理念呼唤"积极行政法",要求将"促进与激励政府"纳入行政法的核心理念。为使我国行政法理论与制度不致落后于世界潮流,"法律对于行政的控制"不应该成为行政法的核心意蕴,"法律对于行政的激励"才是当下法律人应该思考的重要命题。在"积极行政法"理念之下,法律与行政关系的主旋律应当是:法律的价值取向由控制行政权转向保障权利自由和增进福利;在积极行政领域确认"无法律之行政",拓展政府的"造福功能";法律应当摒弃授益行政行为的"行为法定"理念。为践行积极行政法理念,我国当下制度设计中的"合法行政"、"合法性审查"等应作应对性调整。

The strategies of 'strict regulation' and 'high-pressure' that law has imposed on administration has suffocated the marrow and creativity of administration.The idea of encouraging active administration and serving administration requires 'positive administrative law' and calls for taking 'promoting and inspiring government' as a core concept of administrative law.To keep pace with the world trend in administrative law theory and institutions,'the control of law over administration' should be discarded while 'the inspiration of law with administration' should be upheld as an important proposition to be explored.Under positive administrative law,the role of law should change from controlling administrative rights to safeguarding the rights and freedom and promoting welfare.At the same time,the role of government is to promote welfare in the absence of law and law should refrain from regulating beneficial administrative behavior.To put the concept of positive administrative law in practice,proper adjustment should be made with the current institutions such as 'administration by law' and 'legitimacy review'.