联绵转语考论——以窝囊、偎侬、唯诺为例

Textual Criticism and Discussion on Disyllabic Simple Word's Transformation:With “wonang”,“weinong”,“weinuo” as Examples

"窝囊"一词,明朝以来流行于北方话,其意义与用法不断丰富发展,至少已有五个义项。对此,权威辞书仅收其两项释义且只有现代用例,应予订补。其结构不可拆解,宜定性为联绵字(词)。勾稽实证,明清以来山东方言还有"偎侬"和"五浓"及其不同写法,与"窝囊"基本意义相同。它们的共同语源是"唯诺"。"唯"和"诺"本是上古表同意或遵命的应答声,后来合成一个动词,再变为形容词表卑恭顺从,意义结构逐渐凝固化和单纯化,越来越远离了原始理据,导致读音和写法的变化,由此形成一组联绵转语。

The word wonang has been in use in Northern dialect since the Ming Dynasty.Its meaning and usage has been constantly enriched.It has more than five meanings.But the authoritative dictionaries include only two items and with only modern examples,which should be corrected and supplemented.Its structure and motivation cannot be decomposed and should be taken as a disyllabic simple word.There is a word weinong and its variant wunong in Shandong dialect,whose basic meanings are identical with wonang.Both words have weinuo as their etymology.Wei and nuo originally represented a response of sound expressing agreement in ancient times,later became a compound verb,and eventually became an adjective,meaning respectful and obedient.In this process of evolution,the meaning and structure became more and more solid and simple.As a result,the word became more and more distant from its ancient etymology,with the pronunciation and writing changing constantly,which result in a group of transformed words.