简论民国公文的旧式套语及其简化进程

Discussions on the Evolution of the Traditional Formulas of Official Document During the Period of the Republic of China

民国公文多以套语来架构。旧式套语在标明公文层次起讫承转的同时,也是一种区分官署尊卑等级的语辞符号,一种权力修辞。旧式套语因圆滑取巧、繁复费解而屡遭讨伐。民国时期不断简化,却终难消除。这不仅在于公文文体本身催生套语,还在于集权政治造就公文的复制性生产。

The official document in the Republic of China is constructed by the formula in majority. The formula marks the arrangement of ideas, and makes a distinction between superiors and inferiors in government as well as a kind of rhetoric of power. As a result, though traditional formulas are criticized frequently for that they are tactful and complicated, they have never been eliminated, and only been simplified. The reason is that the formula is necessary for the official document and centralized politics itself needs reproductive producing of the official document.