成都市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey and analysis of asthma in children aged 0～14 years old in Chengdu urban district

目的了解成都市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘的患病率、发病规律及影响因素。方法根据青羊区儿童总数及各年龄段儿童所占比例数计算出各年龄段所需儿童数,采取随机、整群、不等比抽样方法抽出所需调查的学校、幼儿园及社区的全部0～14岁儿童为调查对象,先向家长发放问卷初筛表,然后筛选出相关疾病的可疑患者,再经呼吸专科医师问诊和查体以明确诊断。结果实际调查人数为12082人,确诊哮喘及咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿共551例,累计患病率为4.56%,哮喘现患率为3.58%。患儿的性别、年龄、首次发作年龄、呼吸道感染、摄入或吸入过敏原、运动、遗传因素等均与哮喘发病显著相关。哮喘好发季节为秋冬季或换季时,69.51%的患儿接受了吸入激素的治疗。结论本次调查结果显示成都市城市儿童哮喘的患病率较高,且早发于婴幼儿期,哮喘发作受诸多因素影响。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate, occurrence regularity and influential factors of asthma in children aged 0 to 14 years old in Chengdu urban district.Methods According to the total number and the proportion of all age′s children of Qingyang district to calculate the required number of all ages. To take random, cluster and disproportional sampling method, all children aged 0 to 14 years old in schools, kindergartens and community were investigated. To take questionnaire from parents and select suspected patients, then the respiratory specialist physician inquiry and examination the patients to confirm the diagnosis.Results 12 082 children were surveyed in this study, 551 children were diagnosed asthma and cough variant asthma, the accumulative morbidity rate was 4.56%, and prevalence rate of asthma was 3.58%.The asthmatic incidence was significantly correlated with gender,age, initial episode age, respiratory infections, ingestion or inhalation of allergens, exercise and genetic factor. The disease occurred predominantly in autumn and winter, or change of the seasons.69.51% of the patients received inhaled corticosteroid therapy.Conclusions The survey implied:the morbidity rate of asthma in children was higher and often occurred in infancy. The asthmatic attack was influenced by various factors.